Brackets ======== There exist following types of the brackets: =========== ============ ================================== Opening Closing Usage =========== ============ ================================== ( ) ordering of operators [ ] list creation, element access { } function $( ) set creation #( ) dictionary creation %( ) associative array creation =========== ============ ================================== The general rules between the brackets: #. Each bracket has to be closed. #. Closing a bracket without previous opening of it throws an exception. #. Stack rule: each bracket opening is pushed to the stack, bracket closing causes popping from the stack, when the popped element does not match to the bracket closing, an exception is thrown.